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超轻量级php框架startmvc

详解vue2父组件传递props异步数据到子组件的问题

更新时间:2020-05-20 21:54:01 作者:startmvc
测试环境:vuev2.3.3,vuev2.3.1案例一父组件parent.vue//asyncData为异步获取的数据,想传递给子组

测试环境:vue v2.3.3, vue v2.3.1

案例一

父组件parent.vue


// asyncData为异步获取的数据,想传递给子组件使用
<template>
 <div>
 父组件
 <child :child-data="asyncData"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
 data: () => ({
 asyncData: ''
 }),
 components: {
 child
 },
 created () {
 },
 mounted () {
 // setTimeout模拟异步数据
 setTimeout(() => {
 this.asyncData = 'async data'
 console.log('parent finish')
 }, 2000)
 }
 }
</script>

子组件child.vue


<template>
 <div>
 子组件{{childData}}
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
 props: ['childData'],
 data: () => ({
 }),
 created () {
 console.log(this.childData) // 空值
 },
 methods: {
 }
 }
</script>

上面按照这里的解析,子组件的html中的{{childData}}的值会随着父组件的值而改变,但是created里面的却不会发生改变(生命周期问题)

案例二

parent.vue


<template>
 <div>
 父组件
 <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
 data: () => ({
 asyncObject: ''
 }),
 components: {
 child
 },
 created () {
 },
 mounted () {
 // setTimeout模拟异步数据
 setTimeout(() => {
 this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
 console.log('parent finish')
 }, 2000)
 }
 }
</script>

child.vue


<template>
 <div>
 子组件<!--这里很常见的一个问题,就是{{childObject}}可以获取且没有报错,但是{{childObject.items[0]}}不行,往往有个疑问为什么前面获取到值,后面获取不到呢?-->
 <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
 props: ['childObject'],
 data: () => ({
 }),
 created () {
 console.log(this.childObject) // 空值
 },
 methods: {
 }
 }
</script>

created里面的却不会发生改变, 子组件的html中的{{{childObject.items[0]}}的值虽然会随着父组件的值而改变,但是过程中会报错


// 首先传过来的是空,然后在异步刷新值,也开始时候childObject.items[0]等同于''.item[0]这样的操作,所以就会报下面的错
vue.esm.js?8910:434 [Vue warn]: Error in render function: "TypeError: Cannot read property '0' of undefined"

针对二的解决方法:

使用v-if可以解决报错问题,和created为空问题


// parent.vue
<template>
 <div>
 父组件
 <child :child-object="asyncObject" v-if="flag"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
 data: () => ({
 asyncObject: '',
 flag: false
 }),
 components: {
 child
 },
 created () {
 },
 mounted () {
 // setTimeout模拟异步数据
 setTimeout(() => {
 this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
 this.flag = true
 console.log('parent finish')
 }, 2000)
 }
 }
</script>

child.vue


<template>
 <div>
 子组件
 <!--不报错-->
 <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
 props: ['childObject'],
 data: () => ({
 }),
 created () {
 console.log(this.childObject)// Object {items: [1,2,3]}
 },
 methods: {
 }
 }
</script>

子组件使用watch来监听父组件改变的prop,使用methods来代替created

parent.vue


<template>
 <div>
 父组件
 <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
 data: () => ({
 asyncObject: ''
 }),
 components: {
 child
 },
 created () {
 },
 mounted () {
 // setTimeout模拟异步数据
 setTimeout(() => {
 this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
 console.log('parent finish')
 }, 2000)
 }
 }
</script>

child.vue


<template>
 <div>
 子组件<!--1-->
 <p>{{test}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
 props: ['childObject'],
 data: () => ({
 test: ''
 }),
 watch: {
 'childObject.items': function (n, o) {
 this.test = n[0]
 this.updata()
 }
 },
 methods: {
 updata () { // 既然created只会执行一次,但是又想监听改变的值做其他事情的话,只能搬到这里咯
 console.log(this.test)// 1
 }
 }
 }
</script>

子组件watch computed data 相结合,有点麻烦

parent.vue


<template>
 <div>
 父组件
 <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
 data: () => ({
 asyncObject: undefined
 }),
 components: {
 child
 },
 created () {
 },
 mounted () {
 // setTimeout模拟异步数据
 setTimeout(() => {
 this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
 console.log('parent finish')
 }, 2000)
 }
 }
</script>

child.vue


<template>
 <div>
 子组件<!--这里很常见的一个问题,就是{{childObject}}可以获取且没有报错,但是{{childObject.items[0]}}不行,往往有个疑问为什么前面获取到值,后面获取不到呢?-->
 <p>{{test}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
 props: ['childObject'],
 data: () => ({
 test: ''
 }),
 watch: {
 'childObject.items': function (n, o) {
 this._test = n[0]
 }
 },
 computed: {
 _test: {
 set (value) {
 this.update()
 this.test = value
 },
 get () {
 return this.test
 }
 }
 },
 methods: {
 update () {
 console.log(this.childObject) // {items: [1,2,3]}
 }
 }
 }
</script>

使用emit,on,bus相结合

parent.vue


<template>
 <div>
 父组件
 <child></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
 data: () => ({
 }),
 components: {
 child
 },
 mounted () {
 // setTimeout模拟异步数据
 setTimeout(() => {
 // 触发子组件,并且传递数据过去
 this.$bus.emit('triggerChild', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})
 console.log('parent finish')
 }, 2000)
 }
 }
</script>

child.vue


<template>
 <div>
 子组件
 <p>{{test}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
 props: ['childObject'],
 data: () => ({
 test: ''
 }),
 created () {
 // 绑定
 this.$bus.on('triggerChild', (parmas) => {
 this.test = parmas.items[0] // 1
 this.updata()
 })
 },
 methods: {
 updata () {
 console.log(this.test) // 1
 }
 }
 }
</script>

这里使用了bus这个库,parent.vue和child.vue必须公用一个事件总线(也就是要引入同一个js,这个js定义了一个类似let bus = new Vue()的东西供这两个组件连接),才能相互触发

使用prop default来解决{{childObject.items[0]}}

parent.vue


<template>
 <div>
 父组件
 <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
 data: () => ({
 asyncObject: undefined // 这里使用null反而报0的错
 }),
 components: {
 child
 },
 created () {
 },
 mounted () {
 // setTimeout模拟异步数据
 setTimeout(() => {
 this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
 console.log('parent finish')
 }, 2000)
 }
 }
</script>

child.vue


<template>
 <div>
 子组件<!--1-->
 <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
 props: {
 childObject: {
 type: Object,
 default () {
 return {
 items: ''
 }
 }
 }
 },
 data: () => ({
 }),
 created () {
 console.log(this.childObject) // {item: ''}
 }
 }
</script>

在说用vuex解决方法的时候,首先看看案例三

案例三

main.js


import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import VueBus from 'vue-bus'
import index from './index.js'
Vue.use(VueBus)

Vue.config.productionTip = false
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
const store = new Vuex.Store({
 modules: {
 index
 }
})
/* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
 el: '#app',
 store,
 router,
 template: '<App/>',
 components: { App }
})

index.js


const state = {
 asyncData: ''
}

const actions = {
 asyncAction ({ commit }) {
 setTimeout(() => {
 commit('asyncMutation')
 }, 2000)
 }
}
const getters = {
}

const mutations = {
 asyncMutation (state) {
 state.asyncData = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
 }
}

export default {
 state,
 actions,
 getters,
 mutations
}

parent.vue


<template>
 <div>
 父组件
 <child></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
 data: () => ({
 }),
 components: {
 child
 },
 created () {
 this.$store.dispatch('asyncAction')
 },
 mounted () {
 }
 }
</script>

child.vue


<template>
 <div>
 子组件
 <p>{{$store.state.index.asyncData.items[0]}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
 data: () => ({
 }),
 created () {
 },
 methods: {
 }
 }
</script>

{{$store.state.index.asyncData.items[0]}}可以取到改变的值,但是过程中还是出现这样的报错,原因同上


[Vue warn]: Error in render function: "TypeError: Cannot read property '0' of undefined"

所以这里的解决方法是:vuex结合computed、mapState或者合computed、mapGetters

parent.vue


<template>
 <div>
 父组件
 <child></child>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import child from './child'
 export default {
 data: () => ({
 }),
 components: {
 child
 },
 created () {
 this.$store.dispatch('asyncAction')
 },
 mounted () {
 }
 }
</script>

child.vue


<template>
 <div>
 子组件
 <p>{{item0}}</p>
 <p>{{item}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 import { mapState, mapGetters } from 'vuex'
 export default {
 data: () => ({
 test: ''
 }),
 computed: {
 ...mapGetters({
 item: 'getAsyncData'
 }),
 ...mapState({
 item0: state => state.index.asyncData
 })
 },
 created () {
 },
 methods: {
 }
 }
</script>

index.js


const state = {
 asyncData: ''
}

const actions = {
 asyncAction ({ commit }) {
 setTimeout(() => {
 commit('asyncMutation', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})// 作为参数,去调用mutations中的asyncMutation方法来对state改变
 }, 2000)
 }
}
const getters = {
 getAsyncData: state => state.asyncData
}

const mutations = {
 asyncMutation (state, params) {
 state.asyncData = params.items[0] // 此时params={'items': [1, 2, 3]}被传过来赋值给asyncData,来同步更新asyncData的值,这样html就可以拿到asyncData.items[0]这样的值了
 }
}

export default {
 state,
 actions,
 getters,
 mutations
}

注意上面的


....
commit('asyncMutation', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})
...
state.asyncData = params.items[0]

如果写成这样的话


commit('asyncMutation')
state.asyncData = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}

首先asyncAction是个异步的操作,所以asyncData默认值为空,那么还是导致,child.vue这里报0的错


<template>
 <div>
 子组件
 <p>{{item0}}</p>
 <p>{{item}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

不过根据以上的案例,得出来一个问题就是异步更新值的问题,就是说开始的时候有个默认值,这个默认值会被异步数据改变,比如说这个异步数据返回的object,如果你用props的方式去传递这个数据,其实第一次传递的空值,第二次传递的是更新后的值,所以就出现{{childObject.items[0]}}类似这种取不到值的问题,既然说第一次是空值,它会这样处理''.items[0],那么我们是不是可以在html判断这个是不是空(或者在computed来判断是否为默认值),所以把案例二的child.vue


<template>
 <div>
 <p>{{childObject != '' ? childObject.items[0]: ''}}</p>
 </div>
</template>

<script>
 export default {
 props: ['childObject'],
 data: () => ({
 }),
 created () {
 console.log(this.childObject) // 空值
 },
 methods: {
 }
 }
</script>

这样是可以通过不报错的,就是created是空值,猜想上面vuex去stroe也可以也可以这样做

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

vue props 异步 vue2 props异步数据 vue父子组件传递数据