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Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署的方法

更新时间:2020-06-07 00:24:02 作者:startmvc
如何在生产上部署Django?Django的部署可以有很多方式,采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常

如何在生产上部署Django?

Django的部署可以有很多方式,采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。

uwsgi介绍

uWSGI是一个Web服务器,它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。

要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。 1.WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器(如nginx,uWSGI等服务器)与web应用(如用Flask框架写的程序)通信的一种规范。 2.uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议,在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。 3.而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。 4.uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议,它用于定义传输信息的类型(type of information),每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述,它与WSGI相比是两样东西。

uwsgi性能非常高

uWSGI的主要特点如下 1.超快的性能 2.低内存占用(实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右) 3.多app管理(终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-) 4.详尽的日志功能(可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈) 5.高度可定制(内存大小限制,服务一定次数后重启等)

总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东,正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的:

If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.

Uwsgi 安装使用


# Install the latest stable release:

pip install uwsgi

# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,

pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz 

基本测试

Create a file called test.py:


# test.py

def application(env, start_response):

 start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])

 return [b"Hello World"] # python3

 #return ["Hello World"] # python2 

运行


uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py 

用uwsgi 启动django


uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi 

可以把参数写到配置文件里


alex@alex-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.ini 

[uwsgi]

http = :9000

#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx

socket = 127.0.0.1:8001

# the base directory (full path)

chdir = /home/alex/CrazyEye 

# Django's wsgi file

wsgi-file = CrazyEye/wsgi.py

# maximum number of worker processes

processes = 4

#thread numbers startched in each worker process

threads = 2

#monitor uwsgi status 

stats = 127.0.0.1:9191

# clear environment on exit

vacuum = true 

启动


/usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.ini 

Nginx安装使用


sudo apt-get install nginx

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start # start nginx 

为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件

You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params

Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.

Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:


# mysite_nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
 # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
 server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)

}
# configuration of the server

server {

 # the port your site will be served on

 listen 8000;

 # the domain name it will serve for

 server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN

 charset utf-8; 

 # max upload size
 client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste

 # Django media
 location /media {

 alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required

 } 

 location /static {

 alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required

 }

 # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.

 location / {
 uwsgi_pass django;
 include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed

 }
} 

This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django's intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.

Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:


sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ 

Deploying static files

Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:


STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/") 

and then run


python manage.py collectstatic 

此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi,你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦!

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

Django Uwsgi Nginx Django 生产环境部署