Laravel 5框架学习之Eloquent 关系

一个用户可能有多个文章，一个文章是某个用户书写的，这就是关系。同样文章中可能包含

一个用户可能有多个文章，一个文章是某个用户书写的，这就是关系。同样文章中可能包含多个 TAG，而一个 TAG 可能关联多个文章。

在项目中，我们已经有了 User.php，也就是用户模型，查看一下，相当简单。我们希望直接使用 $user->articles() 的形式获取全部文章，让我们修改 user 模型：

 public function articles() {
 return $this->hasMany('App\Article');
 }

但是我们仅仅完成了关系中的一端，让我们来处理另一端。我们希望的形式是 $article->user() ，让我们修改 article 模型。

 public function user() {
 return $this->belongsTo('App\User');
 }

在我们的数据库中，文章模型没有用户的外键，我们需要设置，修改 create_article_table.php

 Schema::create('articles', function(Blueprint $table)
 {
 $table->increments('id');
 //指定外键列
 $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();
 $table->string('title');
 $table->text('body');
 $table->timestamp('published_at');
 $table->timestamps();

 //生成外键
 $table->foreign('user_id')
 ->references('id')
 ->on('users')
 ->onDelete('cascade');
 });

因为我们只是在开发阶段，还没有上线运行，我们可以直接修改数据库迁移文件，回滚然后迁移即可，但是如果上线运行的话，应该新建一个迁移。

php artisan migrate:refresh

#输出信息
Rolled back: 2015_03_28_050138_create_article_table
Rolled back: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table
Rolled back: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table
Nothing to rollback.
Migrated: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table
Migrated: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table
Migrated: 2015_03_28_050138_create_article_table
Migrated: 2015_03_28_051200_add_excerpt_to_articels_table

现在让我们使用 tinker 来创建一个用户。

php artisan tinker
Psy Shell v0.4.1 (PHP 5.4.16 — cli) by Justin Hileman

#下面是执行过程
>>> $user = new App\User;
=> <App\User #000000007f1ad61a000000006497cc4f> {}
>>> $user->name = 'zhang jinglin';
=> "zhang jinglin"
>>> $user->email = 'zjl@example.com';
=> "zjl@example.com"
>>> $user->password = bcrypt('pass');
=> "$2y$10$Nbl2b9wqd.rXqKEsd3pRSOoIyFAFIhbqf71BufwDfS3Guv21SlEx2"
>>> $user->save();
=> true
>>> App\User::first()->toArray();
=> [
 "id" => "1",
 "name" => "zhang jinglin",
 "email" => "zjl@example.com",
 "created_at" => "2015-03-31 03:24:55",
 "updated_at" => "2015-03-31 03:24:55"
 ]
>>> 

现在我们需要新发布的文章和用户关联，我们暂时先修改 form_partial.blade.php 来隐藏一个用户id，只是暂时：

{{--临时处理--}}
{!! Form::hidden('user_id', 1) !!}

同时要修改模型的 $fillabel 属性，以便我们的 Mass Assisment。

 protected $fillable = [
 'title',
 'body',
 'published_at',
 'user_id' //临时设置
 ];

OK，添加一个文章。我们使用 tinker 来查看一下。

php artisan tinker
Psy Shell v0.4.1 (PHP 5.4.16 — cli) by Justin Hileman
>>> App\Article::first()->toArray();
=> [
 "id" => "1",
 "user_id" => "1",
 "title" => "User 1 Article",
 "body" => "User 1 Body",
 "published_at" => "2015-03-31 08:00:00",
 "created_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
 "updated_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
 "excerpt" => null
 ]

#获取用户
>>> $user = App\User::first();
=> <App\User #0000000051cbb9d70000000073e11a3e> {
 id: "1",
 name: "zhang jinglin",
 email: "zjl@example.com",
 created_at: "2015-03-31 03:24:55",
 updated_at: "2015-03-31 03:24:55"
 }

#获取用户文章
>>> $user->articles()->toArray();
BadMethodCallException with message 'Call to undefined method Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder::toArray()'
>>> $user->articles->toArray();
=> [
 [
 "id" => "1",
 "user_id" => "1",
 "title" => "User 1 Article",
 "body" => "User 1 Body",
 "published_at" => "2015-03-31 08:00:00",
 "created_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
 "updated_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
 "excerpt" => null
 ]
 ]
 
#为什么使用 $user->articles 而不是 #user->articles()?
#事实上，$user->articles()返回的是关系，如果你想用 articles() 你需要这样用
>>> $user->articles()->get()->toArray();
=> [
 [
 "id" => "1",
 "user_id" => "1",
 "title" => "User 1 Article",
 "body" => "User 1 Body",
 "published_at" => "2015-03-31 08:00:00",
 "created_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
 "updated_at" => "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
 "excerpt" => null
 ]
 ]
 
#你只能使用 articles() 来进行下一步的工作，比如下面的查询

$user->articles()->where('title', 'User 1 Article')->get();

#我们也可以通过 article 获取 user

>>> $article = App\Article::first();
=> <App\Article #0000000051cbb9d60000000073e11a3e> {
 id: "1",
 user_id: "1",
 title: "User 1 Article",
 body: "User 1 Body",
 published_at: "2015-03-31 08:00:00",
 created_at: "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
 updated_at: "2015-03-31 04:17:58",
 excerpt: null
 }
>>> $article->user;
=> <App\User #0000000051cbb92d0000000073e11a3e> {
 id: "1",
 name: "zhang jinglin",
 email: "zjl@example.com",
 created_at: "2015-03-31 03:24:55",
 updated_at: "2015-03-31 03:24:55"
 }
>>> 

以上所述就是本文的全部内容了，希望大家能够喜欢。