本文实例讲述了Python数据结构与算法之链表定义与用法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下
本文实例讲述了Python数据结构与算法之链表定义与用法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
本文将为大家讲解:
(1)从链表节点的定义开始,以类的方式,面向对象的思想进行链表的设计
(2)链表类插入和删除等成员函数实现时需要考虑的边界条件, prepend(头部插入)、pop(头部删除)、append(尾部插入)、pop_last(尾部删除)
2.1 插入:
空链表 链表长度为1 插入到末尾
2.2 删除
空链表 链表长度为1 删除末尾元素
(3)从单链表到单链表的一众变体:
带尾节点的单链表 循环单链表 双链表
1. 链表节点的定义
class LNode:
def __init__(self, elem, next_=None):
self.elem = elem
self.next = next_
2. 单链表的实现
重点理解插入、删除的实现及其需要考虑的边界条件:
class LinkedListUnderflow(ValueError):
pass
class LList:
def __init__(self):
self._head = None
def is_empty(self):
return self._head is None
def prepend(self, elem):
self._head = LNode(elem, self._head)
def pop(self):
if self._head is None:
raise LinkedListUnderflow('in pop')
e = self._head.elem
self._head = self._head.next
return e
def append(self, elem):
if self._head is None:
self._head = LNode(elem)
return
p = self._head
while p.next is not None:
p = p.next
p.next = LNode(elem)
def pop_last(self):
if self._head is None:
raise LinkedListUnderflow('in pop_last')
p = self._head
if p.next is None:
e = p.elem
self._head = None
return e
while p.next.next is not None:
p = p.next
e = p.next.elem
p.next = None
return e
简单总结:
(0)能够访问 p.next.next 的前提是 p.next 不为空; (1)尾部插入,如果链表不为空,需且仅需改变的是尾部节点的指针; (2)尾部删除,如果链表长度不为空,需且仅需改变的是倒数第二个节点的指针。
单链表的简单变形:具有尾部节点的单链表
class LList1(LList):
def __init__(self):
LList.__init__(self)
self._rear = None
...
我们仅需重写的是:头部的插入、尾部的插入、尾部的删除
def prepend(self, elem):
if self._head is None:
self._head = LNode(elem)
self._rear = self._head
else:
self._head = LNode(elem, self._head)
def append(self, elem):
if self._head is None:
self._head = LNode(elem)
self._rear = self._head
else:
self._rear.next = LNode(elem)
self._rear = self._rear.next
def pop_last(self):
if self._head is None:
raise LinkedListUnderflow('in pop_last')
p = self._head
if p.next is None:
e = p.elem
self._head = None
return e
while p.next.next is not None:
p = p.next
e = p.next.elem
self._rear = p
p.next = None
return e
单链表的变体:循环单链表
class LCList:
def __init__(self):
self._rear = None
def prepend(self, elem):
if self._rear is None:
self._rear = LNode(elem)
self._rear.next = self._rear
else:
self._rear.next = LNode(elem, self._rear.next)
def append(self, elem):
self.prepend(elem)
self_rear = self._rear.next
def pop(self):
if self._rear is None:
raise LinkedListUnderflow('in pop')
p = self._rear.next
if p is None:
self._rear = None
else:
self._rear.next = p.next
return p.elem
def printall(self):
if self._rear is None:
raise ...
p = self._rear.next
while True:
print(p.elem)
if p is self._rear:
break
p = p.next
Python
数据结构
算法
链表
单链表、循环链表