python主要是通过thread和threading这两个模块来实现多线程支持。python的thread模块是比較底层的
python主要是通过thread和threading这两个模块来实现多线程支持。
python的thread模块是比較底层的模块,python的threading模块是对thread做了一些封装,能够更加方便的被使用。可是python(cpython)因为GIL的存在无法使用threading充分利用CPU资源,假设想充分发挥多核CPU的计算能力须要使用multiprocessing模块(Windows下使用会有诸多问题)。
假设在对线程应用有较高的要求时能够考虑使用Stackless Python来完毕。Stackless Python是Python的一个改动版本号,对多线程编程有更好的支持,提供了对微线程的支持。微线程是轻量级的线程,在多个线程间切换所需的时间很多其它,占用资源也更少。
通过threading模块创建新的线程有两种方法:一种是通过threading.Thread(Target=executable Method)-即传递给Thread对象一个可运行方法(或对象);另外一种是继承threading.Thread定义子类并重写run()方法。另外一种方法中,唯一必须重写的方法是run(),可依据需要决定是否重写__init__()。值得注意的是,若要重写__init__(),父类的__init__()必需要在函数第一行调用,否则会触发错误“AssertionError: Thread.__init__() not called”
Python threading模块不同于其它语言之处在于它没有提供线程的终止方法,通过Python threading.Thread()启动的线程彼此是独立的。若在线程A中启动了线程B,那么A、B是彼此独立执行的线程。若想终止线程A的同一时候强力终止线程B。一个简单的方法是通过在线程A中调用B.setDaemon(True)实现。
但这样带来的问题是:线程B中的资源(打开的文件、传输数据等)可能会没有正确的释放。所以setDaemon()并不是一个好方法,更为妥当的方式是通过Event机制。以下这段程序体现了setDaemon()和Event机制终止子线程的差别。
import threading
import time
class mythread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self,stopevt = None,File=None,name = 'subthread',Type ='event'):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.stopevt = stopevt
self.name = name
self.File = File
self.Type = Type
def Eventrun(self):
while not self.stopevt.isSet():
print self.name +' alive\n'
time.sleep(2)
if self.File:
print 'close opened file in '+self.name+'\n'
self.File.close()
print self.name +' stoped\n'
def Daemonrun(self):
D = mythreadDaemon(self.File)
D.setDaemon(True)
while not self.stopevt.isSet():
print self.name +' alive\n'
time.sleep(2)
print self.name +' stoped\n'
def run(self):
if self.Type == 'event': self.Eventrun()
else: self.Daemonrun()
class mythreadDaemon(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self,File=None,name = 'Daemonthread'):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.name = name
self.File = File
def run(self):
while True:
print self.name +' alive\n'
time.sleep(2)
if self.File:
print 'close opened file in '+self.name+'\n'
self.File.close()
print self.name +' stoped\n'
def evtstop():
stopevt = threading.Event()
FileA = open('testA.txt','w')
FileB = open('testB.txt','w')
A = mythread(stopevt,FileA,'subthreadA')
B = mythread(stopevt,FileB,'subthreadB')
print repr(threading.currentThread())+'alive\n'
print FileA.name + ' closed?
'+repr(FileA.closed)+'\n'
print FileB.name + ' closed? '+repr(FileB.closed)+'\n'
A.start()
B.start()
time.sleep(1)
print repr(threading.currentThread())+'send stop signal\n'
stopevt.set()
A.join()
B.join()
print repr(threading.currentThread())+'stoped\n'
print 'after A stoped, '+FileA.name + ' closed? '+repr(FileA.closed)+'\n'
print 'after A stoped, '+FileB.name + ' closed?
'+repr(FileB.closed)+'\n'
def daemonstop():
stopevt = threading.Event()
FileA = open('testA.txt','r')
A = mythread(stopevt,FileA,'subthreadA',Type = 'Daemon')
print repr(threading.currentThread())+'alive\n'
print FileA.name + ' closed?
'+repr(FileA.closed)+'\n'
A.start()
time.sleep(1)
stopevt.set()
A.join()
print repr(threading.currentThread())+'stoped\n'
print 'after A stoped, '+FileA.name + ' closed? '+repr(FileA.closed)+'\n'
if not FileA.closed:
print 'You see the differents, the resource in subthread may not released with setDaemon()'
FileA.close()
if __name__ =='__main__':
print '-------stop subthread example with Event:----------\n'
evtstop()
print '-------Daemon stop subthread example :----------\n'
daemonstop()
执行结果是:
-------stop subthread example with Event:----------
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>alive
testA.txt closed?
False
testB.txt closed? False
subthreadA alive
subthreadB alive
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>send stop signal
close opened file in subthreadA
close opened file in subthreadB
subthreadA stoped
subthreadB stoped
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>stoped
after A stoped, testA.txt closed? True
after A stoped, testB.txt closed?
True
-------Daemon stop subthread example :----------
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>alive
testA.txt closed?
False
subthreadA alive
subthreadA stoped
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>stoped
after A stoped, testA.txt closed? False
You see the differents, the resource in subthread may not released with setDaemon()
总结
以上就是本文关于Python线程创建和终止实例代码的全部内容,希望对大家有所帮助。感兴趣的朋友可以继续参阅本站其他相关专题,如有不足之处,欢迎留言指出。感谢朋友们对本站的支持!
python 强制终止线程 python 终止子线程 python 终止线程 python 线程 创建 python 线程 终止 python 线程 创建 终止