python

超轻量级php框架startmvc

对python中的try、except、finally 执行顺序详解

更新时间:2020-06-24 22:00:02 作者:startmvc
如下所示:deftest1():try:print('todostuff')raiseException('hehe')print('toreturnintry')return'try'exceptException:p

如下所示:


def test1():
 try:
 print('to do stuff')
 raise Exception('hehe')
 print('to return in try')
 return 'try'
 except Exception:
 print('process except')
 print('to return in except')
 return 'except'
 finally:
 print('to return in finally')
 return 'finally'

test1Return = test1()
print('test1Return : ' + test1Return)

输出:


to do stuff
process except
to return in except
to return in finally
test1Return : finally

在 try 中 raise一个异常,就立刻转入 except 中执行,在except 中遇到 return 时,就强制转到 finally 中执行, 在 finally 中遇到 return 时就返回


def test2():
 try:
 print('to do stuff')
 print('to return in try')
 return 'try'
 except Exception:
 print('process except')
 print('to return in except')
 return 'except'
 finally:
 print('to return in finally')
 return 'finally'

test2Return = test2()
print('test1Return : ' + test2Return)

输出:


to do stuff
to return in try
to return in finally
test2Return : finally

这里在 try 中没有抛出异常,因此不会转到 except 中,但是在try 中遇到return时,也会立即强制转到finally中执行,并在finally中返回

test1和test2得到的结论:

无论是在try还是在except中,遇到return时,只要设定了finally语句,就会中断当前的return语句,跳转到finally中执行,如果finally中遇到return语句,就直接返回,不再跳转回try/excpet中被中断的return语句


def test3():
 i = 0
 try:
 i += 1
 print('i in try : %s'%i)
 raise Exception('hehe')
 except Exception:
 i += 1
 print('i in except : %s'%i)
 return i
 finally:
 i += 1
 print ('i in finally : %s'%i )

print('test3Return : %s'% test3())

输出:


i in try : 1
i in except : 2
i in finally : 3
test3Return : 2

def test4():
 i = 0
 try:
 i += 1
 return i
 finally:
 i += 1
 print ('i in finally : %s'%i )
print('test4Return : %s' % test4())

输出


i in finally : 2
test4Return : 1

test3和test4得到的结论:

在except和try中遇到return时,会锁定return的值,然后跳转到finally中,如果finally中没有return语句,则finally执行完毕之后仍返回原return点,将之前锁定的值返回(即finally中的动作不影响返回值),如果finally中有return语句,则执行finally中的return语句。


def test5():
 for i in range(5):
 try:
 print('do stuff %s'%i)
 raise Exception(i)
 except Exception:
 print('exception %s'%i)
 continue
 finally:
 print('do finally %s'%i)
test5()

输出


do stuff 0
exception 0
do finally 0
do stuff 1
exception 1
do finally 1
do stuff 2
exception 2
do finally 2
do stuff 3
exception 3
do finally 3
do stuff 4
exception 4
do finally 4

test5得到的结论:

在一个循环中,最终要跳出循环之前,会先转到finally执行,执行完毕之后才开始下一轮循环

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python try except finally