Python使用mongodb保存爬取豆瓣电影的数据过程解析

更新时间：2020-07-23 19:36:01 作者：startmvc

创建爬虫项目doubanscrapystartprojectdouban设置items.py文件，存储要保存的数据类型和字段名称#-*-

创建爬虫项目douban


scrapy startproject douban

设置items.py文件，存储要保存的数据类型和字段名称


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
 title = scrapy.Field()
 # 内容
 content = scrapy.Field()
 # 评分
 rating_num = scrapy.Field()
 # 简介
 quote = scrapy.Field()

设置爬虫文件doubanmovies.py


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from douban.items import DoubanItem
class DoubanmoviesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
 name = 'doubanmovies'
 allowed_domains = ['movie.douban.com']
 offset = 0
 url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250?start='
 start_urls = [url + str(offset)]
 def parse(self, response):
 # print('*'*60)
 # print(response.url)
 # print('*'*60)
 item = DoubanItem()
 info = response.xpath("//div[@class='info']")
 for each in info:
 item['title'] = each.xpath(".//span[@class='title'][1]/text()").extract()
 item['content'] = each.xpath(".//div[@class='bd']/p[1]/text()").extract()
 item['rating_num'] = each.xpath(".//span[@class='rating_num']/text()").extract()
 item['quote'] = each .xpath(".//span[@class='inq']/text()").extract()
 yield item
 # print(item)
 self.offset += 25
 if self.offset <= 250:
 yield scrapy.Request(self.url + str(self.offset),callback=self.parse)

设置管道文件，使用mongodb数据库来保存爬取的数据。重点部分


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from scrapy.conf import settings
import pymongo
class DoubanPipeline(object):
 def __init__(self):
 self.host = settings['MONGODB_HOST']
 self.port = settings['MONGODB_PORT']
 def process_item(self, item, spider):
 # 创建mongodb客户端连接对象，该例从settings.py文件里面获取mongodb所在的主机和端口参数，可直接书写主机和端口
 self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.host,self.port)
 # 创建数据库douban
 self.mydb = self.client['douban']
 # 在数据库douban里面创建表doubanmovies
 # 把类似字典的数据转换为phthon字典格式
 content = dict(item)
 # 把数据添加到表里面
 self.mysheetname.insert(content)
 return item

设置settings.py文件


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
BOT_NAME = 'douban'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban.spiders'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0;'
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
 'douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline': 300,
}
# mongodb数据库设置变量
MONGODB_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
MONGODB_PORT = 27017

终端测试