python 协程 gevent原理与用法分析

本文实例讲述了python协程gevent原理与用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：geventgreenlet

本文实例讲述了python 协程 gevent原理与用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

gevent

greenlet已经实现了协程，但是这个还的人工切换，是不是觉得太麻烦了，不要捉急，python还有一个比greenlet更强大的并且能够自动切换任务的模块gevent

其原理是当一个greenlet遇到IO(指的是input output 输入输出，比如网络、文件操作等)操作时，比如访问网络，就自动切换到其他的greenlet，等到IO操作完成，再在适当的时候切换回来继续执行。

由于IO操作非常耗时，经常使程序处于等待状态，有了gevent为我们自动切换协程，就保证总有greenlet在运行，而不是等待IO

安装

pip3 install gevent

1. gevent的使用

import gevent
def f(n):
 for i in range(n):
 print(gevent.getcurrent(), i)
g1 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g2 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g3 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g1.join()
g2.join()
g3.join()

运行结果

<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 4 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 4 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 4

可以看到，3个greenlet是依次运行而不是交替运行

2. gevent切换执行

import gevent
def f(n):
 for i in range(n):
 print(gevent.getcurrent(), i)
 #用来模拟一个耗时操作，注意不是time模块中的sleep
 gevent.sleep(1)
g1 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g2 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g3 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g1.join()
g2.join()
g3.join()

运行结果

<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 0 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 1 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 2 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 3 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 4 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 4 <Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 4

3. 给程序打补丁

from gevent import monkey
import gevent
import random
import time
def coroutine_work(coroutine_name):
 for i in range(10):
 print(coroutine_name, i)
 time.sleep(random.random())
gevent.joinall([
 gevent.spawn(coroutine_work, "work1"),
 gevent.spawn(coroutine_work, "work2")
])

运行结果

work1 0 work1 1 work1 2 work1 3 work1 4 work1 5 work1 6 work1 7 work1 8 work1 9 work2 0 work2 1 work2 2 work2 3 work2 4 work2 5 work2 6 work2 7 work2 8 work2 9