php教程

超轻量级php框架startmvc

你不知道的文件上传漏洞php代码分析

更新时间:2020-03-11 19:21:10 作者:startmvc
漏洞描述开发中文件上传功能很常见,作为开发者,在完成功能的基础上我们一般也要做好

漏洞描述

开发中文件上传功能很常见,作为开发者,在完成功能的基础上我们一般也要做好安全防护。 文件处理一般包含两项功能,用户上传和展示文件,如上传头像。

文件上传攻击示例

upload.php


<?php
$uploaddir = 'uploads/'; 
$uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_FILES['userfile']['name']);
if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)){
 echo "File is valid, and was successfully uploaded.\n";
} 
else {
 echo "File uploading failed.\n";
}
?>

upload.html


<form name="upload" action="upload1.php" method="POST" ENCTYPE="multipart/formdata">
Select the file to upload: <input type="file" name="userfile">
<input type="submit" name="upload" value="upload">
</form>

上述代码未经过任何验证,恶意用户可以上传php文件,代码如下

<?php eval($_GET['command']);?>

恶意用户可以通过访问 如http://server/uploads/shell.php?command=phpinfo(); 来执行远程命令

Content-type验证

upload.php


<?php
if($_FILES['userfile']['type'] != "image/gif") {//获取Http请求头信息中ContentType
 echo "Sorry, we only allow uploading GIF images";
 exit;
}
$uploaddir = 'uploads/';
$uploadfile = $uploaddir.basename($_FILES['userfile']['name']);
if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)){
 echo "File is valid, and was successfully uploaded.\n";
} else {
 echo "File uploading failed.\n";
}
?>

该方式是通过Http请求头信息进行验证,可通过修改Content-type ==> image/jpg绕过验证,可以通过脚本或BurpSuite、fiddle修改 如下 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userfile"; filename="shell.php" Content-Type: image/gif

图片类型验证

该方法通过读取文件头中文件类型信息,获取文件类型

备注:如JPEG/JPG文件头标识为FFD8

upload.php


<?php
$imageinfo = getimagesize($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name']);
if($imageinfo['mime'] != 'image/gif' && $imageinfo['mime'] != 'image/jpeg') {
 echo "Sorry, we only accept GIF and JPEG images\n";
 exit;
}
$uploaddir = 'uploads/';
$uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_FILES['userfile']['name']);
if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)){
 echo "File is valid, and was successfully uploaded.\n";
} else {
 echo "File uploading failed.\n";
}
?>

可以通过图片添加注释来绕过此验证。 如添加注释<?php phpinfo(); ?>,保存图片后将其扩展名改为php,则可成功上传。 上传成功后访问该文件则可看到如下显示

文件扩展名验证

 通过黑名单或白名单对文件扩展名进行过滤,如下代码

upload.php


<?php
$blacklist = array(".php", ".phtml", ".php3", ".php4");
foreach ($blacklist as $item) {
if(preg_match("/$item\$/i", $_FILES['userfile']['name'])) {
 echo "We do not allow uploading PHP files\n";
 exit;
}
}
$uploaddir = 'uploads/';
$uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_FILES['userfile']['name']);
if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)){
 echo "File is valid, and was successfully uploaded.\n";
} else {
 echo "File uploading failed.\n";
}
?>

当黑名单不全,构造特殊文件名可以绕过扩展名验证

直接访问上传的文件

将上传文件保存在非web root下其他文件夹下,可以防止用户通过路径直接访问到文件。 upload.php


<?php
$uploaddir = 'd:/uploads/';
$uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_FILES['userfile']['name']);
if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)) {
  echo "File is valid, and was successfully uploaded.\n";
} else {
  echo "File uploading failed.\n";
}
?>

用户不可以直接通过http://localhost/uploads/ 来访问文件,必须通过view.php来访问 view.php


<?php
$uploaddir = 'd:/uploads/';
$name = $_GET['name'];
readfile($uploaddir.$name);
?>

查看文件代码未验证文件名,用户可以通过例如http://localhost/view.php?name=..//php/upload.php,查看指定的文件

解决漏洞示例

upload.php


<?php
require_once 'DB.php';
$uploaddir = 'D:/uploads/'; 
$uploadfile = tempnam($uploaddir, "upload_");
if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)) {
  $db =& DB::connect("mysql://username:password@localhost/database");
  if(PEAR::isError($db)) {
    unlink($uploadfile);
    die "Error connecting to the database";
  }
  $res = $db->query("INSERT INTO uploads SET name=?, original_name=?,mime_type=?",
      array(basename($uploadfile,basename($_FILES['userfile']['name']),$_FILES['userfile']['type']));
  if(PEAR::isError($res)) {
    unlink($uploadfile);
    die "Error saving data to the database. The file was not uploaded";
  }
  $id = $db->getOne('SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID() FROM uploads');
  echo "File is valid, and was successfully uploaded. You can view it <a href=\"view.php?id=$id\">here</a>\n";
} else {
  echo "File uploading failed.\n";
}
?>

view.php


<?php
require_once 'DB.php';
$uploaddir = 'D:/uploads/';
$id = $_GET['id'];
if(!is_numeric($id)) {
  die("File id must be numeric");
}
$db =& DB::connect("mysql://root@localhost/db");
if(PEAR::isError($db)) {
  die("Error connecting to the database");
}
$file = $db->getRow('SELECT name, mime_type FROM uploads WHERE id=?',array($id), DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC);
if(PEAR::isError($file)) {
  die("Error fetching data from the database");
}
if(is_null($file) || count($file)==0) {
  die("File not found");
}
header("Content-Type: " . $file['mime_type']);
readfile($uploaddir.$file['name']);
?>

上述代码文件名随机更改,文件被存储在web root之外,用户通过id在数据库中查询文件名,读取文件,可以有效的阻止上述漏洞发生

总结

通过以上示例分析,可总结一下几点

1.文件名修改,不使用用户上传的文件名

2.用户不可以通过上传路径直接访问文件

3.文件查看采用数据库获取文件名,从而在相应文件服务器读取文件

4.文件上传限制文件大小,个人上传数量等

 以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

php文件上传 php文件上传代码 php文件上传漏洞