php教程

超轻量级php框架startmvc

PHP实现简单的模板引擎功能示例

更新时间:2020-03-23 19:16:28 作者:startmvc
本文实例讲述了PHP实现简单的模板引擎功能。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:phpweb开发

本文实例讲述了PHP实现简单的模板引擎功能。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

php web开发中广泛采取mvc的设计模式,controller传递给view层的数据,必须通过模板引擎才能解析出来。实现一个简单的仅仅包含if,foreach标签,解析$foo变量的模板引擎。

编写template模板类和compiler编译类。代码如下:


<?php
namespace foo\base;
use foo\base\Object;
use foo\base\Compiler;
/**
* 
*/
class Template extends Object
{
 private $_config = [
 'suffix' => '.php',//文件后缀名
 'templateDir' => '../views/',//模板所在文件夹
 'compileDir' => '../runtime/cache/views/',//编译后存放的目录
 'suffixCompile' => '.php',//编译后文件后缀
 'isReCacheHtml' => false,//是否需要重新编译成静态html文件
 'isSupportPhp' => true,//是否支持php的语法
 'cacheTime' => 0,//缓存时间,单位秒
 ];
 private $_file;//带编译模板文件
 private $_valueMap = [];//键值对
 private $_compiler;//编译器
 public function __construct($compiler, $config = [])
 {
 $this->_compiler = $compiler;
 $this->_config = array_merge($this->_config, $config);
 }
 /**
 * [assign 存储控制器分配的键值]
 * @param [type] $values [键值对集合]
 * @return [type] [description]
 */
 public function assign($values)
 {
 if (is_array($values)) {
 $this->_valueMap = $values;
 } else {
 throw new \Exception('控制器分配给视图的值必须为数组!');
 }
 return $this;
 }
 /**
 * [show 展现视图]
 * @param [type] $file [带编译缓存的文件]
 * @return [type] [description]
 */
 public function show($file)
 {
 $this->_file = $file;
 if (!is_file($this->path())) {
 throw new \Exception('模板文件'. $file . '不存在!');
 }
 $compileFile = $this->_config['compileDir'] . md5($file) . $this->_config['suffixCompile'];
 $cacheFile = $this->_config['compileDir'] . md5($file) . '.html';
 //编译后文件不存在或者缓存时间已到期,重新编译,重新生成html静态缓存
 if (!is_file($compileFile) || $this->isRecompile($compileFile)) {
 $this->_compiler->compile($this->path(), $compileFile, $this->_valueMap);
 $this->_config['isReCacheHtml'] = true;
 if ($this->isSupportPhp()) {
 extract($this->_valueMap, EXTR_OVERWRITE);//从数组中将变量导入到当前的符号表
 }
 }
 if ($this->isReCacheHtml()) {
 ob_start();
 ob_clean();
 include($compileFile);
 file_put_contents($cacheFile, ob_get_contents());
 ob_end_flush();
 } else {
 readfile($cacheFile);
 }
 }
 /**
 * [isRecompile 根据缓存时间判断是否需要重新编译]
 * @param [type] $compileFile [编译后的文件]
 * @return boolean [description]
 */
 private function isRecompile($compileFile)
 {
 return time() - filemtime($compileFile) > $this->_config['cacheTime'];
 }
 /**
 * [isReCacheHtml 是否需要重新缓存静态html文件]
 * @return boolean [description]
 */
 private function isReCacheHtml()
 {
 return $this->_config['isReCacheHtml'];
 }
 /**
 * [isSupportPhp 是否支持php语法]
 * @return boolean [description]
 */
 private function isSupportPhp()
 {
 return $this->_config['isSupportPhp'];
 }
 /**
 * [path 获得模板文件路径]
 * @return [type] [description]
 */
 private function path()
 {
 return $this->_config['templateDir'] . $this->_file . $this->_config['suffix'];
 }
}


<?php
namespace foo\base;
use foo\base\Object;
/**
* 
*/
class Compiler extends Object
{
 private $_content;
 private $_valueMap = [];
 private $_patten = [
 '#\{\\$([a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*)\}#',
 '#\{if (.*?)\}#',
 '#\{(else if|elseif) (.*?)\}#',
 '#\{else\}#',
 '#\{foreach \\$([a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*)}#',
 '#\{\/(foreach|if)}#',
 '#\{\\^(k|v)\}#',
 ];
 private $_translation = [
 "<?php echo \$this->_valueMap['\\1']; ?>",
 '<?php if (\\1) {?>',
 '<?php } else if (\\2) {?>',
 '<?php }else {?>',
 "<?php foreach (\$this->_valueMap['\\1'] as \$k => \$v) {?>",
 '<?php }?>',
 '<?php echo \$\\1?>'
 ];
 /**
 * [compile 编译模板文件]
 * @param [type] $source [模板文件]
 * @param [type] $destFile [编译后文件]
 * @param [type] $values [键值对]
 * @return [type] [description]
 */
 public function compile($source, $destFile, $values)
 {
 $this->_content = file_get_contents($source);
 $this->_valueMap = $values;
 if (strpos($this->_content, '{$') !== false) {
 $this->_content = preg_replace($this->_patten, $this->_translation, $this->_content);
 }
 file_put_contents($destFile, $this->_content);
 }
}

我们的控制器就可以调用template中的assign方法进行赋值,show方法进行模板编译了。


/**
* [render 渲染模板文件]
* @param [type] $file [待编译的文件]
* @param [type] $values [键值对]
* @param array $templateConfig [编译配置]
* @return [type] [description]
*/
protected function render($file, $values, $templateConfig = [])
{
 $di = Container::getInstance();
 //依赖注入实例化对象
 $di->template = function () use ($di, $templateConfig) {
 $di->compiler = 'foo\base\Compiler';
 $compiler = $di->compiler;
 return new \foo\base\Template($compiler, $templateConfig);
 };
 $di->template->assign($values)->show($file);
}

Container类如下:


<?php
namespace foo\base;
use foo\base\Object;
class Container extends Object
{
 private static $_instance;
 private $s = [];
 public static $instances = [];
 public static function getInstance()
 {
 if (!(self::$_instance instanceof self)) {
 self::$_instance = new self();
 }
 return self::$_instance;
 }
 private function __construct(){}
 private function __clone(){}
 public function __set($k, $c)
 {
 $this->s[$k] = $c;
 }
 public function __get($k)
 {
 return $this->build($this->s[$k]);
 }
 /**
 * 自动绑定(Autowiring)自动解析(Automatic Resolution)
 *
 * @param string $className
 * @return object
 * @throws Exception
 */
 public function build($className)
 { 
 // 如果是闭包函数(closures)
 if ($className instanceof \Closure) {
 // 执行闭包函数
 return $className($this);
 }
 if (isset(self::$instances[$className])) {
 return self::$instances[$className];
 }
 /** @var ReflectionClass $reflector */
 $reflector = new \ReflectionClass($className);
 // 检查类是否可实例化, 排除抽象类abstract和对象接口interface
 if (!$reflector->isInstantiable()) {
 throw new \Exception($reflector . ': 不能实例化该类!');
 }
 /** @var ReflectionMethod $constructor 获取类的构造函数 */
 $constructor = $reflector->getConstructor();
 // 若无构造函数,直接实例化并返回
 if (is_null($constructor)) {
 return new $className;
 }
 // 取构造函数参数,通过 ReflectionParameter 数组返回参数列表
 $parameters = $constructor->getParameters();
 // 递归解析构造函数的参数
 $dependencies = $this->getDependencies($parameters);
 // 创建一个类的新实例,给出的参数将传递到类的构造函数。
 $obj = $reflector->newInstanceArgs($dependencies);
 self::$instances[$className] = $obj;
 return $obj;
 }
 /**
 * @param array $parameters
 * @return array
 * @throws Exception
 */
 public function getDependencies($parameters)
 {
 $dependencies = [];
 /** @var ReflectionParameter $parameter */
 foreach ($parameters as $parameter) {
 /** @var ReflectionClass $dependency */
 $dependency = $parameter->getClass();
 if (is_null($dependency)) {
 // 是变量,有默认值则设置默认值
 $dependencies[] = $this->resolveNonClass($parameter);
 } else {
 // 是一个类,递归解析
 $dependencies[] = $this->build($dependency->name);
 }
 }
 return $dependencies;
 }
 /**
 * @param ReflectionParameter $parameter
 * @return mixed
 * @throws Exception
 */
 public function resolveNonClass($parameter)
 {
 // 有默认值则返回默认值
 if ($parameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
 return $parameter->getDefaultValue();
 }
 throw new \Exception('I have no idea what to do here.');
 }
}

要想以键值对的方式访问对象的属性必须实现ArrayAccess接口的四个方法,

Object基类代码如下:


public function offsetExists($offset) 
{
 return array_key_exists($offset, get_object_vars($this));
}
public function offsetUnset($key) 
{
 if (array_key_exists($key, get_object_vars($this)) ) {
 unset($this->{$key});
 }
}
public function offsetSet($offset, $value) 
{
 $this->{$offset} = $value;
}
public function offsetGet($var) 
{
 return $this->$var;
}

在某一控制器中就可以调用父类Controller的render方法啦

$this->render('test\index', ['name' => 'tom', 'age' => 20, 'friends' => ['jack', 'rose']], ['cacheTime' => 10]);

编写视图模板文件'test\index':


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
 <p>展示模板文件视图</p> 
 <p>{$name}</p>
 <p>{$age}</p>
 <?php echo ++$age;?>
 {if $age > 18}
 <p>已成年</p>
 {else if $age < 10}
 <p>小毛孩</p>
 {/if}
 {foreach $friends} 
 <p>{^v} </p>
 {/foreach}
</body>
</html>

至此,一个简单的模板编译引擎就写好了。

PHP 模板引擎