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python数据结构之链表详解

更新时间:2020-05-07 19:36:01 作者:startmvc
数据结构是计算机科学必须掌握的一门学问,之前很多的教材都是用C语言实现链表,因为c

数据结构是计算机科学必须掌握的一门学问,之前很多的教材都是用C语言实现链表,因为c有指针,可以很方便的控制内存,很方便就实现链表,其他的语言,则没那么方便,有很多都是用模拟链表,不过这次,我不是用模拟链表来实现,因为python是动态语言,可以直接把对象赋值给新的变量。

好了,在说我用python实现前,先简单说说链表吧。在我们存储一大波数据时,我们很多时候是使用数组,但是当我们执行插入操作的时候就是非常麻烦,看下面的例子,有一堆数据1,2,3,5,6,7我们要在3和5之间插入4,如果用数组,我们会怎么做?当然是将5之后的数据往后退一位,然后再插入4,这样非常麻烦,但是如果用链表,我就直接在3和5之间插入4就行,听着就很方便。

那么链表的结构是怎么样的呢?顾名思义,链表当然像锁链一样,由一节节节点连在一起,组成一条数据链。

链表的节点的结构如下:

data为自定义的数据,next为下一个节点的地址。

链表的结构为,head保存首位节点的地址:

接下来我们来用python实现链表

python实现链表

首先,定义节点类Node:


class Node:
 '''
 data: 节点保存的数据
 _next: 保存下一个节点对象
 '''
 def __init__(self, data, pnext=None):
 self.data = data
 self._next = pnext

 def __repr__(self):
 '''
 用来定义Node的字符输出,
 print为输出data
 '''
 return str(self.data)

然后,定义链表类:

链表要包括:

属性:

链表头:head

链表长度:length

方法:

判断是否为空: isEmpty()


def isEmpty(self):
 return (self.length == 0

增加一个节点(在链表尾添加): append()


def append(self, dataOrNode):
 item = None
 if isinstance(dataOrNode, Node):
 item = dataOrNode
 else:
 item = Node(dataOrNode)

 if not self.head:
 self.head = item
 self.length += 1

 else:
 node = self.head
 while node._next:
 node = node._next
 node._next = item
 self.length += 1

删除一个节点: delete()


#删除一个节点之后记得要把链表长度减一
def delete(self, index):
 if self.isEmpty():
 print "this chain table is empty."
 return

 if index < 0 or index >= self.length:
 print 'error: out of index'
 return
 #要注意删除第一个节点的情况
 #如果有空的头节点就不用这样
 #但是我不喜欢弄头节点
 if index == 0:
 self.head = self.head._next
 self.length -= 1
 return

 #prev为保存前导节点
 #node为保存当前节点
 #当j与index相等时就
 #相当于找到要删除的节点
 j = 0
 node = self.head
 prev = self.head
 while node._next and j < index:
 prev = node
 node = node._next
 j += 1

 if j == index:
 prev._next = node._next
 self.length -= 1

修改一个节点: update()


def update(self, index, data):
 if self.isEmpty() or index < 0 or index >= self.length:
 print 'error: out of index'
 return
 j = 0
 node = self.head
 while node._next and j < index:
 node = node._next
 j += 1

 if j == index:
 node.data = data

查找一个节点: getItem()


def getItem(self, index):
 if self.isEmpty() or index < 0 or index >= self.length:
 print "error: out of index"
 return
 j = 0
 node = self.head
 while node._next and j < index:
 node = node._next
 j += 1

 return node.data

查找一个节点的索引: getIndex()


def getIndex(self, data):
 j = 0
 if self.isEmpty():
 print "this chain table is empty"
 return
 node = self.head
 while node:
 if node.data == data:
 return j
 node = node._next
 j += 1

 if j == self.length:
 print "%s not found" % str(data)
 return

插入一个节点: insert()


def insert(self, index, dataOrNode):
 if self.isEmpty():
 print "this chain tabale is empty"
 return

 if index < 0 or index >= self.length:
 print "error: out of index"
 return

 item = None
 if isinstance(dataOrNode, Node):
 item = dataOrNode
 else:
 item = Node(dataOrNode)

 if index == 0:
 item._next = self.head
 self.head = item
 self.length += 1
 return

 j = 0
 node = self.head
 prev = self.head
 while node._next and j < index:
 prev = node
 node = node._next
 j += 1

 if j == index:
 item._next = node
 prev._next = item
 self.length += 1

清空链表: clear()


def clear(self):
 self.head = None
 self.length = 0

以上就是链表类的要实现的方法。

执行的结果:

接下来是完整代码:


# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
#/usr/bin/env python

class Node(object):
 def __init__(self, data, pnext = None):
 self.data = data
 self._next = pnext

 def __repr__(self):
 return str(self.data)

class ChainTable(object):
 def __init__(self):
 self.head = None
 self.length = 0

 def isEmpty(self):
 return (self.length == 0)

 def append(self, dataOrNode):
 item = None
 if isinstance(dataOrNode, Node):
 item = dataOrNode
 else:
 item = Node(dataOrNode)

 if not self.head:
 self.head = item
 self.length += 1

 else:
 node = self.head
 while node._next:
 node = node._next
 node._next = item
 self.length += 1

 def delete(self, index):
 if self.isEmpty():
 print "this chain table is empty."
 return

 if index < 0 or index >= self.length:
 print 'error: out of index'
 return

 if index == 0:
 self.head = self.head._next
 self.length -= 1
 return

 j = 0
 node = self.head
 prev = self.head
 while node._next and j < index:
 prev = node
 node = node._next
 j += 1

 if j == index:
 prev._next = node._next
 self.length -= 1

 def insert(self, index, dataOrNode):
 if self.isEmpty():
 print "this chain tabale is empty"
 return

 if index < 0 or index >= self.length:
 print "error: out of index"
 return

 item = None
 if isinstance(dataOrNode, Node):
 item = dataOrNode
 else:
 item = Node(dataOrNode)

 if index == 0:
 item._next = self.head
 self.head = item
 self.length += 1
 return

 j = 0
 node = self.head
 prev = self.head
 while node._next and j < index:
 prev = node
 node = node._next
 j += 1

 if j == index:
 item._next = node
 prev._next = item
 self.length += 1

 def update(self, index, data):
 if self.isEmpty() or index < 0 or index >= self.length:
 print 'error: out of index'
 return
 j = 0
 node = self.head
 while node._next and j < index:
 node = node._next
 j += 1

 if j == index:
 node.data = data

 def getItem(self, index):
 if self.isEmpty() or index < 0 or index >= self.length:
 print "error: out of index"
 return
 j = 0
 node = self.head
 while node._next and j < index:
 node = node._next
 j += 1

 return node.data


 def getIndex(self, data):
 j = 0
 if self.isEmpty():
 print "this chain table is empty"
 return
 node = self.head
 while node:
 if node.data == data:
 return j
 node = node._next
 j += 1

 if j == self.length:
 print "%s not found" % str(data)
 return

 def clear(self):
 self.head = None
 self.length = 0

 def __repr__(self):
 if self.isEmpty():
 return "empty chain table"
 node = self.head
 nlist = ''
 while node:
 nlist += str(node.data) + ' '
 node = node._next
 return nlist

 def __getitem__(self, ind):
 if self.isEmpty() or ind < 0 or ind >= self.length:
 print "error: out of index"
 return
 return self.getItem(ind)

 def __setitem__(self, ind, val):
 if self.isEmpty() or ind < 0 or ind >= self.length:
 print "error: out of index"
 return
 self.update(ind, val)

 def __len__(self):
 return self.length

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

python 数据结构 链表