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Android App中DrawerLayout抽屉效果的菜单编写实例

更新时间:2020-03-08 10:54:53 作者:startmvc
抽屉效果的导航菜单看了很多应用,觉得这种侧滑的抽屉效果的菜单很好。不用切换到另一

抽屉效果的导航菜单 看了很多应用,觉得这种侧滑的抽屉效果的菜单很好。

2016321171423565.png (206×345)

不用切换到另一个页面,也不用去按菜单的硬件按钮,直接在界面上一个按钮点击,菜单就滑出来,而且感觉能放很多东西。 库的引用: 首先, DrawerLayout这个类是在Support Library里的,需要加上android-support-v4.jar这个包。

然后程序中用时在前面导入import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;

如果找不到这个类,首先用SDK Manager更新一下Android Support Library,然后在Android SDK\extras\android\support\v4路径下找到android-support-v4.jar,复制到项目的libs路径,将其Add to Build Path.

代码1 布局:


<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent" >

 <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
 xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent" >

 <!-- The main content view -->
 <!-- main content must be the first element of DrawerLayout because it will be drawn first and drawer must be on top of it -->

 <FrameLayout
 android:id="@+id/content_frame"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent" />

 <!-- The navigation drawer -->

 <ListView
 android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
 android:layout_width="240dp"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:layout_gravity="left"
 android:background="#111"
 android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
 android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
 android:dividerHeight="0dp" />
 </android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

</RelativeLayout> 

  DrawerLayout的第一个子元素是主要内容,即抽屉没有打开时显示的布局。这里采用了一个FrameLayout,里面什么也没放。

  DrawerLayout的第二个子元素是抽屉中的内容,即抽屉布局,这里采用了一个ListView。

主要的Activity(从官方实例中扒出来的):


package com.example.hellodrawer;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.support.v4.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
import android.support.v4.view.GravityCompat;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;

public class HelloDrawerActivity extends Activity
{

 private String[] mPlanetTitles;
 private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
 private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
 private ListView mDrawerList;

 @Override
 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
 {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_hello_drawer);

 mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);

 // init the ListView and Adapter, nothing new
 initListView();

 // set a custom shadow that overlays the main content when the drawer
 // opens
 mDrawerLayout.setDrawerShadow(R.drawable.drawer_shadow,
 GravityCompat.START);

 mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawerLayout,
 R.drawable.ic_drawer, R.string.drawer_open,
 R.string.drawer_close)
 {

 /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely closed state. */
 public void onDrawerClosed(View view)
 {

 invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to
 // onPrepareOptionsMenu()
 }

 /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely open state. */
 public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView)
 {

 invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to
 // onPrepareOptionsMenu()
 }
 };

 // Set the drawer toggle as the DrawerListener
 mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);

 // enable ActionBar app icon to behave as action to toggle nav drawer
 getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
 // getActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true);
 // Note: getActionBar() Added in API level 11
 }

 private void initListView()
 {
 mDrawerList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.left_drawer);

 mPlanetTitles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array);

 // Set the adapter for the list view
 mDrawerList.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
 R.layout.list_item, mPlanetTitles));
 // Set the list's click listener
 mDrawerList.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener()
 {

 @Override
 public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
 int position, long id)
 {
 // Highlight the selected item, update the title, and close the
 // drawer
 mDrawerList.setItemChecked(position, true);
 setTitle(mPlanetTitles[position]);
 mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(mDrawerList);
 }
 });
 }

 @Override
 protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
 {
 super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
 // Sync the toggle state after onRestoreInstanceState has occurred.
 mDrawerToggle.syncState();
 }

 @Override
 public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig)
 {
 super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
 mDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
 }

 @Override
 public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
 {
 // Pass the event to ActionBarDrawerToggle, if it returns
 // true, then it has handled the app icon touch event
 if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item))
 {
 return true;
 }
 // Handle your other action bar items...

 return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
 }

}

比较纠结的是用了Level 11的一个API,这样minSdkVersion就有限制,不能太低。

图片资源Android官网示例处提供下载了。

程序运行后效果如下: 抽屉打开前:

2016321171457025.jpg (720×1280)

抽屉打开后:

2016321171528332.jpg (720×1280)

代码2 今天又看了一下DrawerLayout的类,发现有很多方法可以直接用的。

重新试了一下,其实不用上面那么麻烦,随便自己定义一个按钮控制抽屉的打开就行:

布局:


<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
 android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
 android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
 android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
 tools:context=".DrawerActivity" >

 <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
 android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent" >

 <!-- The main content view -->

 <FrameLayout
 android:id="@+id/content_frame"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent" >

 <Button
 android:id="@+id/btn"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="open" 
 />
 </FrameLayout>

 <!-- The navigation drawer -->

 <ListView
 android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
 android:layout_width="240dp"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:layout_gravity="start"
 android:background="#111"
 android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
 android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
 android:dividerHeight="0dp" />
 </android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

  主要代码:


package com.example.hellodrawer;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class DrawerActivity extends Activity
{
 private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout = null;

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
 {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_drawer);

 mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);

 Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
 button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
 {

 @Override
 public void onClick(View v)
 {
 // 按钮按下,将抽屉打开
 mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(Gravity.LEFT);

 }
 });
 }

}

使用Toolbar + DrawerLayout快速实现高大上菜单侧滑 如果你有在关注一些遵循最新的Material Design设计规范的应用的话(如果没有,假设你有!),也许会发现有很多使用了看起来很舒服、很高大上的侧滑菜单动画效果,示例如下(via 参考2):

2016321171553612.gif (386×694)

今天就来使用官方支持库来快速实现这类效果,需要使用到Toolbar和DrawerLayout,详细步骤如下:(如果你还不知道这两个Widget,先自己Google吧~) 首先需要添加appcompat-v7支持:

如果是在Android Studio 1.0 RC4上创建的项目,默认已经添加了appcompat-v7支持了,如果不是最新版AS则需要在build.gradle中添加如下代码:


dependencies {
 ...//其他代码
 compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.2'
}

添加完成后需要同步一下gradle

添加Toolbar:

由于Toolbar是继承自View,所以可以像其他标准控件一样直接主布局文件添加Toolbar,但是为了提高Toolbar的重用效率,可以在layout创建一个custom_toolbar.xml代码如下:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
 android:id="@+id/tl_custom"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
 android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
 android:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
 app:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.ActionBar">
</android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>

说明:

android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar - 当然如果只在Lollipop中可以直接使用Toolbar而不需要加上v7支持 xmlns:app - 自定义xml命名控件,在AS中可以直接指定res-auto而不需要使用完整包名 android:background 和 android:minHeight 均可以在styles.xml中声明 添加DrawerLayout:

和Toolbar类似,为了提高代码重用效率,可以在layout中创建一个custom_drawerlayout.xml代码如下:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:id="@+id/dl_left"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent">
 <!--主布局-->
 <LinearLayout
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent">
 <ImageView
 android:id="@+id/iv_main"
 android:layout_width="100dp"
 android:layout_height="100dp" />
 </LinearLayout>
 <!--侧滑菜单-->
 <LinearLayout
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:background="#fff"
 android:layout_gravity="start">
 <ListView
 android:id="@+id/lv_left_menu"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:divider="@null"
 android:text="DrawerLayout" />
 </LinearLayout>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

Drawerlayout标签中有两个子节点,一个是左边菜单,一个是主布局,另外需要在左边菜单起始位置设置为android:layout_gravity="start"

实现activity_main.xml:


<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:orientation="vertical"
 tools:context=".MainActivity">
 <!--Toolbar-->
 <include layout="@layout/custom_toolbar" />
 <!--DrawerLayout-->
 <include layout="@layout/custom_drawerlayout" />
</LinearLayout>

直接使用include标签,简洁明了

完善Java代码:


public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
 //声明相关变量
 private Toolbar toolbar;
 private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
 private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
 private ListView lvLeftMenu;
 private String[] lvs = {"List Item 01", "List Item 02", "List Item 03", "List Item 04"};
 private ArrayAdapter arrayAdapter;
 private ImageView ivRunningMan;
 private AnimationDrawable mAnimationDrawable;
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 findViews(); //获取控件
 //京东RunningMan动画效果,和本次Toolbar无关
 mAnimationDrawable = (AnimationDrawable) ivRunningMan.getBackground();
 mAnimationDrawable.start();
 toolbar.setTitle("Toolbar");//设置Toolbar标题
 toolbar.setTitleTextColor(Color.parseColor("#ffffff")); //设置标题颜色
 setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
 getSupportActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true); //设置返回键可用
 getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
 //创建返回键,并实现打开关/闭监听
 mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawerLayout, toolbar, R.string.open, R.string.close) {
 @Override
 public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) {
 super.onDrawerOpened(drawerView);
 mAnimationDrawable.stop();
 }
 @Override
 public void onDrawerClosed(View drawerView) {
 super.onDrawerClosed(drawerView);
 mAnimationDrawable.start();
 }
 };
 mDrawerToggle.syncState();
 mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);
 //设置菜单列表
 arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, lvs);
 lvLeftMenu.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
 }
 private void findViews() {
 ivRunningMan = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_main);
 toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.tl_custom);
 mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.dl_left);
 lvLeftMenu = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_left_menu);
 }
}

当然比较重要还有styles.xml和colors.xml,具体如下: 


<resources>
 <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar">
 <!--状态栏颜色-->
 <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/Indigo_colorPrimaryDark</item>
 <!--Toolbar颜色-->
 <item name="colorPrimary">@color/Indigo_colorPrimary</item>
 <!--返回键样式-->
 <item name="drawerArrowStyle">@style/AppTheme.DrawerArrowToggle</item>
 </style>
 <style name="AppTheme.DrawerArrowToggle" parent="Base.Widget.AppCompat.DrawerArrowToggle">
 <item name="color">@android:color/white</item>
 </style>
</resources>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
 <color name="Indigo_colorPrimaryDark">#303f9f</color>
 <color name="Indigo_colorPrimary">#3f51b5</color>
 <color name="Indigo_nav_color">#4675FF</color>
</resources>

到此就实现了高大上菜单侧滑,最终效果如下(注:在Yosemite上貌似直接Record手机屏幕貌似不起作用,而且动画由于帧率原因无法实时,就先这样看吧~)

Android DrawerLayout 菜单 安卓 抽屉