Python插入Elasticsearch操作方法解析

更新时间：2020-08-21 23:00:01 作者：startmvc

这篇文章主要介绍了Python插入Elasticsearch操作方法解析,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，

这篇文章主要介绍了Python插入Elasticsearch操作方法解析,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

在用scrapy做爬虫的时候，需要将数据存入的es中。网上找了两种方法，照葫芦画瓢也能出来，暂记下来：

首先安装了es，版本是5.6.1的较早版本

用pip安装与es版本相对的es相关包

pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0

方法一：

以下是pipelines.py模块的完整代码


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import chardet

class SinafinancespiderPipeline(object):
 def process_item(self, item, spider):
 return item


# 写入到es中,需要在settings中启用这个类 ExchangeratespiderESPipeline
# 需要安装pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0 注意与es版本需要对应
from elasticsearch_dsl import Date,Nested,Boolean,analyzer,Completion,Keyword,Text,Integer,DocType
from elasticsearch_dsl.connections import connections
connections.create_connection(hosts=['192.168.52.138'])
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
es = Elasticsearch()

class AticleType(DocType):
 page_from = Keyword()
 # domain报错
 domain=Keyword()
 cra_url=Keyword()
 spider = Keyword()
 cra_time = Keyword()
 page_release_time = Keyword()
 page_title = Text(analyzer="ik_max_word")
 page_content = Text(analyzer="ik_max_word")
class Meta:
 index = "scrapy"
 doc_type = "sinafinance"
 # 以下settings和mappings都没起作用，暂且记下
 settings = {
 "number_of_shards": 3,
 }
 mappings = {
 '_id':{'path':'cra_url'}
 }


class ExchangeratespiderESPipeline(DocType):
 from elasticsearch5 import Elasticsearch
 ES = ['192.168.52.138:9200']
 es = Elasticsearch(ES,sniff_on_start=True)

 def process_item(self, item, spider):

 spider.logger.info("-----enter into insert ES")
 article = AticleType()

 article.page_from=item['page_from']
 article.domain=item['domain']
 article.cra_url =item['cra_url']
 article.spider =item['spider']
 article.cra_time =item['cra_time']
 article.page_release_time =item['page_release_time']
 article.page_title =item['page_title']
 article.page_content =item['page_content']

 article.save()
 return item

以上方法能将数据写入es，但是如果重复爬取的话，会重复插入数据，因为主键 ”_id” 是ES自己产生的，找不到自定义_id的入口。于是放弃。

方法二：实现自定义主键写入，覆盖插入


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
from elasticsearch5 import Elasticsearch

class SinafinancespiderPipeline(object):
 def process_item(self, item, spider):
 return item


# 写入到es中,需要在settings中启用这个类 ExchangeratespiderESPipeline
# 需要安装pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0 注意与es版本需要对应
class SinafinancespiderESPipeline():
 def __init__(self):
 self.ES = ['192.168.52.138:9200']
 # 创建es客户端
 self.es = Elasticsearch(
 self.ES,
 # 启动前嗅探es集群服务器
 sniff_on_start=True,
 # es集群服务器结点连接异常时是否刷新es结点信息
 sniff_on_connection_fail=True,
 # 每60秒刷新节点信息
 sniffer_timeout=60
 )

 def process_item(self, item, spider):
 spider.logger.info("-----enter into insert ES")
 doc = {
 'page_from': item['page_from'],
 'domain': item['domain'],
 'spider': item['spider'],
 'page_release_time': item['page_release_time'],
 'page_title': item['page_title'],
 'page_content': item['page_content'],
 'cra_url': item['cra_url'],
 'cra_time': item['cra_time']
 }
 self.es.index(index='scrapy', doc_type='sinafinance', body=doc, id=item['cra_url'])

 return item

搜索数据的方法：


# 字典形式设置body
query = {
 'query': {
 'bool': {
 'must': [
 {'match': {'_all': 'python web'}}
 ],
 'filter': [
 {'term': {'status': 2}}
 ]
 }
 }
}
ret = es.search(index='articles', doc_type='article', body=query)

# 查询数据
data = es.search(index='articles', doc_type='article', body=body)
print(data)
# 增加
es.index(...)
# 修改
es.update(...)
# 删除
es.delete()

完成后

在settings.py模块中注册自定义的类


ITEM_PIPELINES = {
 # 'sinafinancespider.pipelines.SinafinancespiderPipeline': 300,
 'sinafinancespider.pipelines.SinafinancespiderESPipeline': 300,
}

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。